How do I know if my dog is blind? What to Know

Signs a Dog Is Going Blind

There are more noticeable signs you can look out for. Some common signs of a dog going blind may include:

  • Cloudy eyes
  • White spots on the eyes
  • Bumping into things
  • Hesitation when navigating obstacles such as stairs or when in new places
  • Anxiety when in new environments
  • Avoidance of stairs
  • No longer jumping on/off furniture
  • Redness and swelling on or around the eyes
  • Squinting or pawing at the face
  • Easily startled when petted or approached
  • Less interested in playing
  • Pupils dont dilate when in dark room or constrict when exposed to bright light
  • Not making eye contact with you as much as he used to
  • “You might see your dog running into furniture, but especially new things in the house,” Lisa Radosta DVM, DACVM at Florida Veterinary Behavior Service and co-founder of Dog Nerds tells us. “Dogs that go blind slowly have the lay of the land committed to memory. When something new is added to the environment, they may stumble over it or into it.”

    You might also notice that they dont see well at night or when theres an abundance of shadows, Radosta explains. “This might manifest as fear of going outside or snapping at lights or shadows,” she adds. “Some dogs may also start to hesitate at transitions where there is a step such as a threshold.”

    From a more physical standpoint, Memphis Veterinary Specialists (MVS) notes that you might notice that your dogs eyes appear to be cloudy or that their pupils have stopped dilating when exposed to light. Puffy, red, or swollen eyes are also another obvious sign.

    How do I know if my dog is blind?

    Credit: Kesinee / Adobe Stock

    If youre worried about your pets eyesight, be sure to consult with your vet. That said, you can also administer a Menace Reflex Test at home to check your dogs vision. To do the test, simply place your hand 18 inches from your dogs face. Then, quickly move your hand towards your dog until its about three inches away from his face. If your dog can see, he should blink his eyes or turn his head in response. Otherwise, its likely that something is wrong with his sight.

    The Cotton Ball Test is another way to assess your dogs vision. For this, grab a cotton ball and hold it up to your dogs visual field. Then, toss it in any direction and see if your dog reacts. If your dog remains still, it may mean that his vision is impaired, in which case you should definitely pay your vet a visit.

    Some of the most common causes of vision loss in dogs include:

  • Sadly, our vets are seeing an increasing number of dogs suffering from diabetes. Dogs at a higher risk of becoming diabetic include older large breeds, breeding females, dogs that have poor nutrition, and obese dogs. 75% of dogs with diabetes are likely to develop cataracts which can result in full or partial blindness.
  • Cataracts are easily spotted by pet parents. If your dog has progressed cataracts you may notice a cloudy appearance to your dogs eye. This condition stops light from fully reaching the retina and can lead to total blindness in dogs. In some cases, cataracts can be operated on which may prevent blindness, but early intervention is essential.
  • Glaucoma is a painful eye condition which feels similar to a migraine headache. Treatment is available for glaucoma however, the outcomes are best if the condition is diagnosed in its earliest stages. If your dog has yellow or green discharge from their eyes, dilated pupils, bloodshot eyes, or is slow to react to bright light, visit your vet as soon as possible. Left untreated this painful condition can lead to partial or complete blindness.
  • Sudden Acquired Retinal Degeneration Syndrome (SARDS) causes a deterioration of the retina, which leads to blindness in both of the dogs eyes. This syndrome develops very quickly in dogs and can result in total blindness in just a few days or weeks. Due to the sudden nature of this condition, dogs with SARDS can have a very difficult time adjusting to their visual impairment.
  • Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA), is a painless condition that results in the deterioration of the retina, potentially leading to blindness in both of the dogs eyes. PRA is an inherited condition that develops at a slower rate than SARDS, which can give your dog time to adjust to their loss of sight.
  • Because blindness typically happens gradually, it can sometimes be difficult to notice vision changes. In some cases, these signs can even be mistaken for other conditions.

    Glaucoma results from abnormally high pressure within the eye so medications to reduce this pressure and frequent checkups at the veterinarian can prevent or postpone vision loss from this condition. Sometimes surgical eye removal is necessary if medical management alone is not effective. Likewise, while cataracts will continue to progress once they develop, surgical correction can actually restore vision in some dogs. If blindness occurs secondary to other medical conditions, those health issues need to be addressed first, which in turn will help protect the eyes.

    Similar to humans, dogs experience a range of health issues as they grow into their golden years. A particularly common issue that affects senior dogs is vision impairment. This is typically caused by cataracts, glaucoma, or macular degeneration, but can also be secondary to other medical disorders such as hypertension, chronic dry eye, and diabetes.

    Dogs with impaired vision can still live happy, full lives with a little extra patience and TLC from their owners as they navigate the world around them. The following suggestions are ways to ensure your dog is comfortable if he or she has vision loss.

    Treatment is highly dependent on the cause of your dog’s blindness as well as how early intervention occurs. Roughly 40% of dogs that develop glaucoma will eventually go blind, and cataracts can result in permanently impaired vision if not treated promptly. Minor trauma to the eye from accidents or infection, however, is less likely to lead to permanent blindness when treated appropriately.

    How do I examine my dogs eyes?